Amelioration in physicochemical properties and single cell performance of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) block copolymer composite membrane using sulfonated carbon nanotubes for intermediate humidity fuel cells

A composite membrane composed of a sulfonated diblock copolymer (SDBC) based on poly(ether ether ketone) blocks copolymerized with partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone) and sulfonated carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) was fabricated by simple solution casting. Addition of the SCNT filler enhanced the water absorption and proton conductivity of membranes because of the increased per‐cluster volume of sulfonic acid groups, at the same time reinforced the membranes' thermal and mechanical properties. The SDBC/SCNT‐1.5 membrane exhibited the most improved physicochemical properties among all materials. It obtained a proton conductivity of 10.1 mS/cm at 120°C under 20% relative humidity (RH) which was 2.6 times more improved than the pristine membrane (3.9 mS/cm). Moreover, the single cell performance of the SDBC/SCNT‐1.5 membrane at 60°C and 60% RH at ambient pressure exhibited a peak power density of 171 mW/cm² at a load current density of 378 mA/cm², while the pristine membrane exhibited 119 mW/cm² at a load current density of 294 mA/cm². Overall, the composite membrane exhibited very promising characteristics to be used as polymer electrolyte membrane in fuel cells operated at intermediate RH.     

Humidifier disinfectant and use characteristics associated with lung injury in Korea

Since around the year 2000, hundreds of people in Korea have developed humidifier disinfectant‐associated lung injury (HDLI). We collected all HD exposure‐related information from the field investigations into the locations in which the 1199 registered patients had used HD. Among the people who registered, 38% (1st round = 214, 2nd = 73, 3rd = 166) were confirmed as HDLI patients. Children aged under eight years old made up the highest proportion of HDLI cases (N = 279, 62%), followed by pregnant women (N = 31, 7%). One hundred thirty‐three (29%) of the confirmed HDLI patients died. Fifty‐seven percent of HDLI patients (N = 259) developed HDLI after <1 year of HD use. The number of HDLI patients who used only the Oxy Saksak HD brand was found to be 176 (39%), followed by the brands Cefu (N = 27, 6%) and Aekyung (N = 22, 5%). HD products containing only polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG‐P) were the most frequently used among HDLI patients (N = 234, 52%), followed by oligo (2‐(2‐ethoxy)ethoxyethyl) guanidinium (PGH) (N = 27, 6%) and a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) (N = 26, 6%). The average PHMG‐P inhalation level estimated from the patient group classified as suffering lung injury definitely associated with HD use was 145.1 μg/m³ (N = 91, SD = 395.1 μg/m³), higher than levels estimated from both the probable and possible HDLI patient groups. In conclusion, HD exposure‐related variables, including type of HD brand and estimated inhalation HD level, were associated with the risk of HDLI.     

Competitive growth of Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic ceramics during directional solidification: Effect of interfacial energy

The microstructure evolution and growth behavior of the Al₂O₃/Y₃Al₅O₁₂(YAG)/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramics during directional solidification were well investigated. During directional solidification of the Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramics, {} Al₂O₃ paralleled with {001}ZrO₂ while they did not parallel with {001}YAG at the same time in the competitive growth stage. All of the interfaces parallel to each other finally. The area percentage of the Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ and YAG/ZrO₂ interfaces are 40.4 ± 0.2% and 30.8 ± 0.1%, respectively, higher than that of the Al₂O₃/YAG (28.8 ± 0.2%). The content of Al₂O₃ and YAG phases are 39.9% and 41.1%, respectively, almost double of that of ZrO₂. The interfaces of Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ and YAG/ZrO₂ are shorter and more dispersed than that of the Al₂O₃/YAG. It was found that the interfacial energy of Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ and YAG/ZrO₂ interfaces are lower than that of Al₂O₃/YAG. It can be concluded that interfacial energy plays a decisive role in affecting the crystallographic orientation and interfaces distribution in the Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂ eutectic since the interfaces of Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ and YAG/ZrO₂ with lower interfacial energy can be formed more easily during directional solidification. Therefore, the contents of Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ and YAG/ZrO₂ interfaces are higher. This study can provide theoretical guidance for interface design of multi-phase materials.     

岩相约束下的深层致密砂岩气藏储层演化特征

东海盆地深层致密气藏沉积和成岩演化复杂，不同岩相储层的成岩演化是揭示沉积-成岩耦合及认识致密储层甜点成因的关键，也是甜点预测的基础。本研究将岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、粒度分析和X-衍射等资料相结合，选取东海西湖凹陷中央反转构造带深层花港组典型致密气藏，研究不同岩相储层的成岩演化。通过开展岩石学特征研究，划分主要岩相类型，结合埋藏史分析成岩演化序列，分析不同岩相砂岩成岩差异及成岩演化过程，建立不同岩相的成岩演化模式，揭示沉积对成岩的控制作用。结果表明，研究区花港组储层以水下分流河道沉积为主体，主要发育块状层理中-粗砂岩、砾质砂岩、平行层理中-细砂岩和泥砾质砂岩四种岩相类型。块状层理中-粗砂岩和砾质砂岩刚性石英含量较高，粘土含量较低，胶结物类型以薄层绿泥石和硅质胶结为主；前者经历的成岩作用较为完整，埋藏后期仍然发育有一定的原生孔隙和次生溶孔，容易形成较好储层；但后者常常因为分选性较差，最终易形成压实紧密，硅质胶结强烈的致密储层。平行层理中-细砂岩刚性石英含量较低，粘土含量较高，胶结物类型以厚层绿泥石、伊/蒙混层和伊利石相伴生为主；由于沉积分异作用，碎屑颗粒常呈层状定向排列，埋藏后期细粒层部分压实致密，粗粒层部分保留有块状层理砂岩性质，发育局部孔隙带，形成次一级储层；泥砾质砂岩塑性泥岩撕裂屑含量较高，同时混杂有大量泥质杂基，在埋藏早期就已经压实致密，各类孔隙均不发育，基本为非储层。     

Two-step sintering behavior of titanium-doped Y2O3 ceramics with monodispersed sub-micrometer powder

Two-step sintering of titanium-doped Y₂O₃ was carried out using monodispersed sub-micrometer powder. The effect of titanium dopant concentration on the sinterability and kinetic window of constant grain-size sintering were examined. The titanium doping improves the sinterability of the Y₂O₃ powder, which broadens the sintering kinetic window and lowers sintering temperature. The Vickers hardness was also enhanced as the doping concentration of titanium was increased, assuming the same grain size.     

Distributed learning consensus control based on neural networks for heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems

This paper considers a novel distributed iterative learning consensus control algorithm based on neural networks for the control of heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems. The system's unknown nonlinear function is approximated by suitable neural networks; the approximation error is countered by a robust term in the control. Two types of control algorithms, both of which utilize distributed learning laws, are provided to achieve consensus. In the provided control algorithms, the desired reference is considered to be an unknown factor and then estimated using the associated learning laws. The consensus convergence is proven by the composite energy function method. A numerical simulation is ultimately presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control schemes.     

一种开合式微型电流互感器的设计与实验分析

针对不方便断电拆线的场合，设计了一种开合式微型电流互感器来代替常规电流互感器，从而实现在线安装.通过选择方形铁芯，选用磁导率较大且切口平整、气隙较小的铁氧体为铁芯材料，设计了互感器的外壳结构.经过实验分析表明，这种开合式微型电流互感器具有结构简单、使用方便、精度相对较高、线性度好的优点，并针对其正常工作时温升的情况及其漏磁对周围电子器件的影响做了数据分析.最后指出了提高其精度的改进措施.     

Safety study on HIC containing waste resin with respect to hydrogen release

To explore the behavior of radiolytically produced hydrogen release from the waste resin stored in a high integrated container(HIC), and the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion in a near-surface disposal facility, both experimental studies and numerical simulations were performed through an accelerated irradiation test and simulated disposal, respectively. Results indicated that,100 years after disposal, the highest hydrogen concentration appeared in the cell where the HICs were placed. The volume fraction for different scenarios postulated in the numerical simulation was 2.64% for Scenario 1, 2.28% for Scenario 2, and 3.965% for Scenario 3, all of which are lower than the hydrogen explosion limit of 4.1%. The results indicated that the simulated HIC disposal scheme is safe.     

屏蔽结构医用直线加速器Halcyon机房的放射防护设计

以某医院核技术应用项目Halcyon加速器为例,通过分析相关射线参数与工作负荷,依据 NCRP No.151和GBZ /T 201,计算Halcyon机房各方向屏蔽墙所需的厚度和关注点的剂量率水平,对改建机房的屏蔽设计与施工方案进行优化,设计了经济可靠的放射防护方案,评估自屏蔽结构在屏蔽设计中的作用,并论证设计的自屏蔽加速器的防护方案效果符合相关法律法规与标准要求,为此类自屏蔽加速器项目的环评和控评提供参考。